{"id":1565,"date":"2023-11-16T17:59:45","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T16:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/mecca-and-medina-610-661\/"},"modified":"2023-11-16T17:59:45","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T16:59:45","slug":"mecca-and-medina-610-661","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/mecca-and-medina-610-661\/","title":{"rendered":"Mecca and Medina (610-661)"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
<\/i>Chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Mecca and Medina<\/b> (610-661)<\/b><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

1. The first scribes of the Qur\u2019an<\/span><\/h2>\n

Posterity has remembered only a dozen scribes who wrote down the revelation as it was transmitted to the Prophet Muhammad. These were Ab\u00e2n b. Sa’\u00eed, (d. 632), ‘Al\u00e2 b. al-Hadram\u00ee (d. 632\/3 or 641\/2), b. Al\u00ee b. Ab\u00ee T\u00e2lib (c. 600-661), Hanzala b. Ab\u00ee Rab\u00ee'(m.670\/1), J\u00e2bir b. Sa’\u00eed b. al-‘As (606-697), Mu’\u00e2wiya b. Ab\u00ee Sufi\u00e2n (602-680), Ubayy b. Ka’b (d.649), Uthm\u00e2n b. ‘Aff\u00e2n (574-656) and Zayd b. Thab\u00eet (611-665). Women calligraphers played a key role in the learning and transmission of writing and knowledge. They were encouraged by the Prophet to study, like the Meccan Al-Shifa bint ‘Abdullah al-Qurashiyyah al-Adawiya (d. 640), who is reported to have taught writing to Hafsa (605-661), wife of the Prophet. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"\"<\/div><\/div>

Miniature of a scribe
<\/b>18th<\/sup> – 19th<\/sup> century
ADLANIA Foundation, Iconographies, ICO-404<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

\"\"<\/div><\/div>

Arabo-Byzantine bronze coin from the Umayyad period<\/strong>
7th<\/sup> – 8th<\/sup> century
Diameter: 2,25 cm
ADLANIA Foundation, Objects, OBJ-1662<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"\"<\/div><\/div>

Sassanid Arab coin (dirham) from the Umayyad period in the name of Ubayd Allah ibn Ziy\u00e2d<\/strong>
7th<\/sup> century
Diameter: 3 cm
ADLANIA Foundation, Objects, OBJ-2295<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

2. Calligraphic style<\/span><\/h2>\n
Hij\u00e2z\u00ee<\/em> (7th<\/sup> century)<\/h5>\n

Born at the beginning of the 7th<\/sup> century, the Hijazi<\/em> style, whose name is inspired by the script used in the region of Mecca and Medina (Hij\u00e2z), is characterized by its angular, wide, widely-spaced forms, with a certain irregularity in the size and shape of its slender letters whose vertical shafts lean to the right.<\/p>\n

For several decades, the Qur\u2019an remained the only Arabic book copied in this style, according to the famous author Muhammad ibn Ish\u00e2q Ibn al-Nad\u00eem (d. 990), who described the first script used in Hij\u00e2z in his catalog, “Al-Fihrist”.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"\"<\/div><\/div>

Page from a copy of the Qur\u2019an
<\/b>Suras XXVI 184-227 and XXVII 1-4
7th<\/sup> – 8th<\/sup> centuries
Parchment, 31,5 x 21,5 cm
Style: Hij\u00e2z\u00ee
British Library, OR 2165<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1565","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1565\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/calligraphie.adlania.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}